2. RULING: A 3/21 B41. Team A commits an illegal formation foul. A92 is legally on the end of the line of scrimmage and is an eligible receiver. If A88 caught the pass beyond the neutral zone, A88 would commit an illegal touching foul and probably an ineligible receiver downfield foul. All three of the above fouls carry a 5-yard penalty from the previous spot with no loss of down.
3. RULING: Safety. A f/k A20. The foul is an illegal forward pass to save loss of yardage. If A12 was outside the tackles and the pass was caught by A55 beyond the neutral zone, the foul would be illegal touching. A foul can be an illegal forward pass or illegal touching but not both. The 'artificial' result of the play is only for an incomplete illegal forward pass from A's end zone.
4. RULING: A 1/10 B37. The runner or passer may use his hand or arm to ward off or push opponents. For the offense, continuous contact to an opponent's helmet (including the face mask) with a hand or arm only applies to a teammate of the runner or passer (9-3-3-d-2). The runner is exempt from the prohibition against continuous helmet contact (9-1-2-k). For the defense, Rule 9-3-4-g applies.
5. RULING: A 4/28 A12. The clock starts on the ready regardless of the time on the game clock. The fumble went forward and out of bounds between the goal lines. The ball is returned to the spot of the fumble, A's 24. Team B will decline the penalty for Team A's illegal motion foul. The 15-yard penalty for A67's dead ball personal foul is enforced from the succeeding spot, A's 24.
6. RULING: A 1/10 B13. The pass is incomplete since A82 did not land inbounds. The foul by B44 is not defensive pass interference since the foul occurred before the pass was in flight. Even if the pass was in flight, it may not have been catchable by A85. The legal forward pass crossed the neutral zone and the foul was against an eligible receiver beyond the neutral zone. The 15-yard penalty is enforced half the distance from the previous spot, B's 26, and carries a first down.
7. RULING: Touchback. B 1/10 B20. The batting by B55 was legal since the ball was batted backward while the ball was over the field of play. B55 does not impart new impetus since the ball had not hit the ground. The result of the play is a touchback since A33's fumble provided the impetus. B55 would commit an illegal batting foul if he batted the ball in B's end zone. The 15-yard penalty would be enforced from B's 4 with Team A retaining possession.