2. RULING: B 1/10 A48. The foul by A88 is considered a dead ball foul. Team B will take the ball at the spot of illegal touching, B's 37, since there were no live ball fouls during the down. The 15-yard penalty for A88's foul is then enforced from the succeeding spot, B's 37.
3. RULING: A 4/13 A37. False start by A78. A78 is not a lineman (2-27-4-a-3) since his head does not break the plane of the line drawn through the waistline of the snapper. Hence, the "threatened" exception does not apply. The dead ball foul would be on B96 if A78 was a lineman.
4. RULING: B 3/8 B18. The clock starts on the snap. The result of the play is a touchdown. A88 is ruled to have been out of bounds before touching the pass (7-3-4). A88 was airborne when he touched the pass so commits an illegal touching foul. The penalty is loss of down at the previous spot but would offset a live ball foul by Team B. The play is reviewable since the pass was touched by an ineligible receiver.
5. RULING: B 1/10 B2. The clock starts when the ball, loose from the muffed backward pass, completely crosses the plane of Team B's goal line. B45's backward pass went out of bounds between the goal lines. The ball will next be put in play by Team B at the inbounds spot and the clock will start on the snap. If the pass was forward, the ball would become dead when the pass hit the ground. The result of the play would still be a touchback. Acceptance of the penalty results in a safety.
6. RULING: A 1/10 A49. A18's pass is a legal forward pass. It would be an illegal forward pass if ball carrier A18 advanced beyond the neutral zone and a Team A player ended up throwing a pass from behind the neutral zone. The play clock cranks up at 40 seconds.
7. RULING: B 1/10 A48. The out of bounds precedes the touching when B44 receives the kick while straddling the sideline. This is true even though the ball breaks the plane of the sideline on B's 48. Team A commits a free kick out of bounds foul. Team B will take the ball with the 5-yard penalty enforced from the spot where the subsequent dead ball belongs to Team B, B's 47. This is more advantageous than taking the ball 30 yards beyond Team A's restraining line. Team B could, but will not, accept the 5-yard penalty enforced from the previous spot, A's 20. It would be A f/k A15.